Interacting agents can create shared communication systems without ever knowing if signals are successfully received. The conventionalisation process involves a curious interaction between joint attention and individual behavioural differences.
doi.org/10.1371/jour.... Work with Casimir Fisch.

Exploiting individual differences to bootstrap communication
Author summary A fundamental question in the field of language evolution is how a communication system can emerge in a population that is initially unable to communicate. One theory is that human comm...